对于电子爱好者来说，开关抖动并不陌生。当我们按下按钮或拨动开关或微动开关时,两个金属部件会接触以短路电源。但它们不会立即连接,而是金属部件在实际稳定连接之前连接和断开几次。释放按钮时也会发生同样的事情。这会导致误触发或多次触发，例如多次按下按钮。这就像一个弹跳的球从高处落下，它一直在表面弹跳，直到它静止。当按下和释放微动按键时，会由短时间的抖动现象才会到达想要的状态。如下图所示：
从上图可知。按键抖动时间大概为150us。
在一些对按键抖动敏感的情况下需要进行消抖设计，目前常见的消抖设计如下：
滤波电容
关于去抖硬件最简单的方式并联一颗100nF陶瓷电容,进行滤波处理。
RC滤波＋施密特触发器
要想更严谨设计消抖电路，会增加施密特触发器，更大程度的保证后端不受按键抖动影响，电路如下：
分别来看按键闭合断开时电路状态：
开关打开时：
电容C1通过R1 D1回路充电,Vb电压=Vcc-0.7为高电平,后通过反向施密特触发器使Vout输出为低。
开关闭合时：
电容C1通过R2进行放电，最后Vb电压变为0,通过反向施密特触发器使Vout输出为高。
当按下按键出现快速抖动现象时，通过电容会使Vb点电压快速变成Vcc或GND。在抖动过程时对电容会有轻微的充电或放电，但后端的施密特触发器有迟滞效果不会导致Vout发现抖动现象。
此电路中D1的使用使为了限制R1 R2一起给C1供电，增加充电时间影响效果。如果减小R1的值会使电流增加，功耗较高。
专用消抖芯片
一些厂家会提供专用芯片，避免自搭电路的不稳定性， 如美信-Max6816：
软件滤波
软件消除抖动也是很常见的方式,一般形式是延时查询按键状态或者中断形式来消除抖动。
下面是Arduino的软件消抖代码：
/* SoftwareDebounce
*
* At each transition from LOW to HIGH or from HIGH to LOW
* the input signal is debounced by sampling across
* multiple reads over several milli seconds. The input
* is not considered HIGH or LOW until the input signal
* has been sampled for at least "debounce_count" (10)
* milliseconds in the new state.
*
* Notes:
* Adjust debounce_count to reflect the timescale
* over which the input signal may bounce before
* becoming steady state
*
* Based on:
* http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Debounce
*
* Jon Schlueter
* 30 December 2008
*
* http://playground.arduino.cc/Learning/SoftwareDebounce
*/
int inPin = 7; // the number of the input pin
int outPin = 13; // the number of the output pin
int counter = 0; // how many times we have seen new value
int reading; // the current value read from the input pin
int current_state = LOW; // the debounced input value
// the following variable is a long because the time, measured in milliseconds,
// will quickly become a bigger number than can be stored in an int.
long time = 0; // the last time the output pin was sampled
int debounce_count = 10; // number of millis/samples to consider before declaring a debounced input
void setup()
{
pinMode(inPin, INPUT);
pinMode(outPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(outPin, current_state); // setup the Output LED for initial state
}
void loop()
{
// If we have gone on to the next millisecond
if(millis() != time)
{
reading = digitalRead(inPin);
if(reading == current_state && counter > 0)
{
counter--;
}
if(reading != current_state)
{
counter++;
}
// If the Input has shown the same value for long enough let's switch it
if(counter >= debounce_count)
{
counter = 0;
current_state = reading;
digitalWrite(outPin, current_state);
}
time = millis();
}
}
